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W. B. HARRIS 82 C. W. CLAYBOURNE.

GAS 0R OIL BURNER.

Patented Nov. '7, 1893.

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' UNITE STATES PATENT ()FFICE.

WALTER B. HARRIS AND COLIN W. OLAYBOURNE, OE INDIANAPOLIS,

' INDIANA.

- GAS OR on. BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 508,384, dated November 7, 1893.

' Application filed September 29,1892. seeieire. 4.47.326. (N model.)

To all whom, it may canoer'n:

Be it known that we, WALTER/B. HARRIS and COLIN W. CLAYBOURNE, citizens of the United States, residing at Indianapolis, in the county of Marion, State of Indiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Gas or Oil Burners; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had 1:: to the accompanying drawings, in which I Figure 1 shows a view of our improved burner, in side elevation; Fig. '2, a view of the same, partly in longitudinal section, on line at, w, of Fig. 1, and partly in plan; Fig. 3,

[5 a view of a cross section on line y, y, of Fig.

2, and Fig. 4, a view of a similar section on line 2, z, of Fig. 2. I

Letters of like name and kind refer to like parts in each of the figures.

The object of our invention has been to provide an improved burner, adaptedto burn oil or fluid hydrocarbon fuel, and to this end our invention consists in the burner, and in the construction and combination of the parts 2 5 thereof, as hereinafter specified.

While it has been our special purpose to provide a hydrocarbon burner for employment in heating steam boilers, pipe, tile,

' brick, or other. kilns,&c., we desire it to be 0 understood that our device is intended to be,

and can be also used, to advantage, in stoves,

' ranges, hot air, or hot water heating systems, and various kinds of heating and cooking appliances.

5 In the drawings A designates the body or main part of the burner having the large central passage a extending through it, and the oil and steam passages a. and a respectively, with which pipes from suitable sources of oil 40 and steam can be connected. The steam furnished is, of course, preferably, as'dry as possible, being superheated, if desirable, as in the case of the ordinary hydrocarbon burners heretofore used. The oil can be fed through the passage 0/ in any desired way, either under the influence of gravity, or pressure brought to bear upon it by any suitable means.

The steam passage a extends inward and forward toward one end of the body A, and

communicates, at its forward end, with one or more holes a a openingv into the space, at, the front end of passage a. As shown,

these holes are in the shape of short passages extending outward, at an angle to the axis of passage 0.."

Connected with the inner end of oil passage a', are two or more small holes a at, which, extending inward and forward, at an angle to the axis of passage a, which is opposite to the angle of inclination of holes (L a open close to the latter holes, so that the jets of oil issuing from them will strike immediately against or into the steam jetor jets, at an angle thereto. 4

To assist in bringing the oil and steam in-' timately into contact with each other, so that they will be mingled thoroughly, we partially inclose the space-occupied by the mouths of the steam and oil jet holes, with a guide a, which is in the shape of a raised forwardly projecting rib, on the part through which such jet holes are made. Such rib has the two converging side-portions afla extending inward on opposite sides of the space occupied by the steam jet holes, and stopping just beyond the latter, so as to leave that side of the included space, open. This construction leaves that part of such space, in which the oil jet holes are situated, larger than the rest, and, by the converging of the inner walls of the rib portions (t a as they approach and pass on opposite sides of the steam jet or jets,

causes the oil and steam to be brought intothe most close contact, and to be thoroughly and intimately mingled.

The casing of body A extends forward of the point where the steam and oil jets enter, and into its forward end is screwed a cylindrical portion or hollow shank on the comb ustion nozzle B. The space included within such portion or shank b, forms,then,a chamber 19, surrounding and extending forward, beyond the point where the steam and oil meet. Beyond chamber 12, the space within the nozzle expands quickly, so as to be much larger than, and have several times the capacity or internal area of the former, and then contracts or is tapered forward to the contracted neck b ,which is considerably less in diameter than chamber .1); From this neck, the mouth of the nozzle is made flaring outward, as shown at b to spread the flame issuing from it. 1

With the steam jet holes (1 a arrauged'a shown and described hereinbefore, to direct the steam jets forward, at an angle to the axis of passage a, and, consequently, at an angle to a line from such axis to the center of the discharge neck b and with the inner walls of the nozzle, at the forward end of the enlarged expansion chamber, in the latter, inclined inward and forward, it follows that the steam jet or jets, after they have struck the oil jet or jets, will travel forward not directly toward the discharge neck or passage, but toward and against the inclined inner wall of the contracted or tapering part of the nozzle chamber. With this construction, if, by any chance, any drops or particles of oil, not thoroughly ignited, should be carried forward to any distance through the expansion and comand oil jet holes a or. preferably, but not necessarily, held against an annular shoulder or seat a on the body A bustion chamber, they would strike against the hot surface of said inner wall, and there be broken up or disintegrated, and become ignited before they could get out of the discharge neck or passage. They cannot, as in burners heretofore made, be blown directly forward out of the mouth of the burner.

Extending across the passage a, to the rear of the part containing the oil and steam passages a, and a is the perforated partition C having a number of perforations whose added area is largely in excess of that of the steam This partition is,

by the end of the neck on chamber D, which is screwed into the rear end of such body.

While we prefer to make this chamber, as shown, shaped like nozzle B, so that the two can be made interchangeable, we do not limit: nozzle shaped to form merely an unenlarged continuation of the mixing chamber b, either The rear or outer end of chamber D, which ourselves to such construction.

corresponds with the mouth portion of nozzle B, is connected, by coupling d, with the air supply pipe d',which is provided with a suitable valve (1 to regulate the supply of air drawn through it, and can have on its outer end, if desired, a straining. funnel d to strain the air admitted to the pipe.

The partition 0 can,instead of being in the form of a plate with holes therein, be made of wire gauze, if desired.

The oil jet holes a, a, can, with our burner be made quite small.

We have found, by actual practice, that two holes, each a thirty second of an inch in diameter, are, with a four pound head or pressure on the oil, amply suflicient for a burner for heating most eflicientlya one hundred horse power boiler.

, The operation of our burner, constructed as shown and described, is briefly as follows: WVith the oil turned on and Spurting in small jets, at an angle to the axis of the chamber or passage a, the steam is turned on and issues in one or more jets directed across the paths of the oil jets. The oil and. steam are thus brought in contact with each other within the space partly inclosed by the rib forming the guide a and are intimately mixed there, the

her.

inner sides of the converging parts a", a", of the rib, serving to guide the oil inward toward the steam jet or jets, and preventing any of it from getting away past the sides of the latter. The flow of steam forward through the mixing chamber 12, within the neck 12 0f the nozzle, draws air from chamberD, and pipe d, forward through the perforated partition C, and passage (1. into said chamber b, where, having been sub-divided into a series of small streams or jets by the partition, it mingles most thoroughly and intimately with the hot mixed oil and steam passing forward from guide a into mixing chamber. The mixture of vaporizedoil,steam,andairthen passes into the enlarged chamber within nozzle B, and there expands at once to fill said cham- With this construction, we have found that, if a light be applied, the fire will travel inward from the mouth of the nozzle, so that the inflaming of the mixture of oil-vapor, steam, and air, will take place within the enlargement of the nozzle interior at the forward end of the mixing chamber or passage. The immediate expansion of the mixture, issuing from the latter chamber, secures this infiaming and a complete ignition of the mixtu re entirely within the nozzle, so that merely a mass or body of flame issues from the nozzle month without any accompanying unignited oil. Without the enlargement toIad mit of this expansion, we have found that the thorough ignition within the nozzle does not take place, and that some oftheoil will be blown out of the nozzle mouth, and wasted, or imperfectlyburned. With the interiorof the with or without a contraction at its front end, much of the oil is not ignited, until it gets beyond the nozzle mouth. It then burns imperfectly, with the production of-smoke and soot, and a consequentloss of heating power. With our burner, on the other hand, having the nozzle with enlarged expansion and combustion chamber, and the contracted portion forward of the enlargement, complete ignition of all the oil takes place within the nozzle itself; so that the series of explosions taking place, when a mixture of air and steam with oil is fired, are muffled and prevented from making any obj e'ctionable noise, or causing vibration injurious to the boiler settings or furnace walls. With the nozzle having the enlarged expansion and combustion chamber, and the contracted forward portion with a small neck and flaring month, no oil can escape from the nozzle interior unignited, and a mass of white, entirely smokeless flamerushes from the nozzle mouth, and spreads outtherefrom, its spread being to a certain extent assisted by the flare of the delivery opening.

Our burner, constructedas shown and described,- is cheap and simple in construction, capable of enduring long use without injury or deterioration, and, by insuring-the complete ignition of all the particlesof carbon in the oil, makes it possible to use the oil most economically, and get the greatest possible amount of heating out of a given quantity of it.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim is..

1. A burner for hydro-carbons having the closed sided mixing chamber, with substan tially parallel sides, to keep the air, steam, and fuel-vapor in close contact and cause them to mingle intimately, one or more steam and fuel jets discharging into such chamber, means for admitting air into the chamber, to mingle therein with the steam and fuel, and the combustion chamber, connected directly with the outer end of the mixing chamber, having its rear portion suddenly enlarged and its forward portion made tapering forward, from the rear enlarged portion, down to a discharge opening adapted to allow ignition and combustion of the mixed air, steam, and fuel within the combustion chamber, and. the outward flow of flame from the latter, substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. A burner for hydro-carbons having one or more fuel admitting jet holes, discharging into a suitable mixing chamber, and one or more steam jet holes also discharging into said chamber, and a guide extending partially around the space occupied by the fuel jet hole or holes, and having converging walls extendingon opposite sides of the space occupied by the steam jet holes, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

3. A burner for hydro-carbons having one or more small fuel admitting passages running inward and forward, at an angle, into a suitable mixing chamber, and one or more steam jet passages, at an angle to the fuel.

passages, adapted to cause the steam and fuel jets to strike each other at an angle, and a guide, for guiding the fuel into close contact with the steam, having its inner walls extending out around the space into which the fuel jet or jets issue, and converging toward 1 each other on opposite sides of the space where the steam jet or jets enter, substantially as and for the purpose shown.

4. A burner for hydro-carbons having the air passage provided with a perforatedplate, to'divide the air passing to the passage into separate small streams, the mixing chamber or space at the forward end of such passage, one or more steam jet passages, and one or more fuel jet passages discharging into said chamber, and the enlarged expansion and combustion chamber, at the forward end of the latter, having its forward portion tapered down to a discharge neck or passage, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. A burner for hydro-carbons having the air supply pipe, the enlarged chamber connected therewith, the perforated plate for dividing the air passing forward from such chamber into separate small streams, the passage extending forward from this plate and communicating, at its forward end, with the mixing chamber, one or more steam jet passages, and one or more fuel jet passages discharging into such chamber, and the enlarged expansion and combustion chamber, beyond the mixing chamber, having its forward portion tapered down to a discharge neck or passage, substantially as and for the purpose described.

6. A burner for hydro-carbons having a nozzle with an interior chamber with its forward part made tapering down to a suitable discharge opening, means for feeding the fuel, and one or more steam jet passages directed forward at an angle, so as to strike the fuel fed in, and carry it forward toward the inclined walls of the interior chamber, at a point to the rear of the discharge opening, substantially as and for the purpose shown.

In testimony whereof we aflix our signatures in presence of two witnesses.

W. B. HARRIS. O. W. OLAYBOURNE.

Witnesses:

J NO. S. THURMAN, JOHN M. SPANN. 

